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- Atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, or atrial fibrillation in adult congenital heart disease patients is associated with progressive hemodynamic deterioration of the underlying disease. Echocardiogram should be done
- High-risk for stroke (old male, history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke) needs pacemaker generator change - continue warfarin Enoxaparin carries a higher bleeding risk
- Severe symptomatic AS, mild MR, and moderate TR with annular dilation and pulmonary hypertension - AVR with tricuspid valve repair
- Flecainide is prescribed for pill-in-the-pocket treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation due to its property of use dependence
- Chronotropic incompetence heart rate response during exercise with a peak heart rate <100 bpm and <70% age-predicted maximum heart rate
- EF < 50%, severe calcific AS - AVR is absolutely indicated
- WPW syndrome, acute pharmacologic treatment of AFib - Procainamide
- Sudden cardiac death while swimming - long QT syndrome type 1 - Loss of function in the potassium channel
- Thumb with an extra phalanx commonly occurs in Holt–Oram syndrome (ASD)
- Carotid upstrokes weak, LVEF reduced, aortic valve area and gradient reduced - do dobutamine echocardiogram